Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors pdf

April, 2008 this paper begins with a brief introduction to the eld of spintronics and dilute magnetic semiconductor dms, the. Spring 2008, department of physics and astronomy, the university of tennessee knoxville dated. In theory, any semiconductor with a fraction of its constituent ions replaced by ions. The tetragonal bulk unit cell of rutile has the dimensions, a b 4. If implemented in devices, these materials could provide a new type of control of conduction. Introductory physics ii electricity, magnetism and optics by robertg. Basic consequences of spd and dd interactions in dms jan a. Here, we propose an effective approach capable of activating ferromagnetic exchange. One of the main obstacles in creating dms materials is the formation of secondary phases because of the solidsolubility limit of magnetic ions in semiconductor. We focus here on striking differences between the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors described in the preceding chapter and those whose constituent semiconductor matrix is a wide gap. Exchange interactions diluted magnetic semiconductors.

V based diluted magnetic semiconductor dms nanoparticles of in1xmnxp x. Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. Diluted magnetic semiconductor spintronics abstract deposition of 0. The first generation of spintronics devices were based on passive magnetoresistive sensors and memory elements using electrodes made from alloys of ferromagnetic 3d metals. In diluted magnetic semiconductors dms the exchange interaction between the spins of charge carriers and magnetic ions results in the giant zeeman splitting and exciton magnetic polaron emp.

Gaj and jacek kossut optical spectroscopy of widegap diluted magnetic semiconductors wojciech pacuski exchange interaction between carriers and magnetic ions in quantum size heterostructures i. Whereas traditional electronics are based on control of charge carriers n or ptype, practical magnetic semiconductors would also allow control of quantum spin state up or down. Diluted magnetic semiconductors dms are intriguing materials for spintronic applications that offer the possibility of studying magnetic phenomena in crystals with a simple band structure and. We study the ferromagnetism in iiiv diluted magnetic semiconductor dms quantumwells theoretically and numerically taking into account the occupation of multiple subbands by holes in quantum wells. Introduction to dilute magnetic semiconductors nan zheng course. However, it was not until the twentieth century that the atomic theory of matter became firmly established as an unassailable, demonstrated fact. The book deals with diluted magnetic semiconductors, a class of materials important to the emerging field of spintronics. Basic semiconductor material science and solidstate physics all terrestrial materials are made up of atoms. In these materials semiconducting properties, both transport and optical, are influenced by the presence of magnetic ions. Macdonald 1department of physics, indiana university, bloomington, indiana 47405 2department of physics, national tsinghua university, hsinchu 300, taiwan received 24 january 2000we present a theory of carrierinduced. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. In the third edition several topics are extended and treated in more depth including surfaces, disordered materials, amorphous semiconductors, polarons, thermopower and noise.

Electricity, magnetism and optics department of physics. The most extensively studied materials of this type are the amnb alloys, in which a fraction of the group ii sublattice is replaced at. Manipulating the ferromagnetic interactions in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots dmsqds is a central theme to the development of nextgeneration spinbased information technologies, but this remains a great challenge because of the intrinsic antiferromagnetic coupling between impurity ions therein. In addition to the iiiv semiconductors, some work has been performed on the iivi semiconductors such as zinc oxide 7. In particular, in ferromagnetic dmss, it is considered that the ferromagnetic. Semiconductors played, and continue to play, an undeniably pivotal role in the explosive growth of our technical civilization over the last six decades. Rodina bandoffset engineering in magnetic non magnetic. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the eld of spintronics and dilute magnetic semi conductor dms, the second part discusses in detail on three typical dms materialsga,mnas, ga,mnn and transition metal doped oxide. Thermoelectric properties and ferromagnetism of diluted. Introduction diluted magnetic semiconductors dmss based on zno have recently been attracting much attention, because transition metal tm doped zno dmss exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature rt in contrast to those based on iii v semiconductors such as gaas and inas 1, 2.

In contrast to the ptype diluted magnetic semiconductors, ntype diluted magnetic semiconduct. The physics of semiconductors an introduction including. This method, which is a nonequilibrium growth technique, has allowed the incorporation of transition and rareearth metals into the host semiconductors beyond its solubility limit 1. Schubert quantum mechanics applied to semiconductor devices. The magnetic behavior of diluted magnetic semiconductors. Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors. It explains the difference between an ntype semiconductor a ptype semiconductor. In these materials semiconducting properties, both transport and. Another advantage of using zno as a host semiconductor is.

The developed theory guides us to gain deep physical insight into the mag. Electronic spin resonance esr was used to study the magnetic properties of this solution. Crystallographic properties are discussed first, with emphasis on the common structural features which these materials have as a result of tetrahedral bonding. Isovalent doping strategy for manganese introduction into. Photoemission study of in diluted magnetic semiconductor. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. It presents a detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge of the established properties of dms in the form. Originating with canonical geometric frustration of interactions, it today extends over other phenomena with many degrees of freedom, including magnetoelastic couplings, orbital degrees of freedom, dilution effects, and elec. Xray magnetic circular dichroism study of the diluted. As a result of this shrinkage, design parameters are impacted in such a way that materials in present use are pushed to their limits 1. There is a large amount of literature on the introduction of magnetic ions into semiconducting materials 4,5,6, there is some evidence on room temperature ferromagnetism with controllable semiconducting properties 6.

While the concept of dms materials was known for a long time, it was only in 1989 that researchers were able to demonstrate such materials in gaas and inas films doped with mn munetaka. Due to this zinc excess, zno is a nonstoichiometric compound and an ntype semiconductor. This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into semiconductors, insulators and conductors. Under the common preparation conditions, excess zinc is always found in zno. Magnetic behavlor of 11vi group diluted magnetic semiconductors, based on mn 1. Indeed, the ancient greeks put this hypothesis forward over two millennia ago.

The materials were prepared using either mnii or mniii salts as dopants and the resulting nanoparticles have. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Furdyna introduction diluted magnetic semiconductors dms are semiconducting alloys whose lattice is partly made of substitutional magnetic ions. The diluted magnetic semiconductors dmss, which are ternary or quaternary alloys, in which a part of the nonmagnetic cations of the host material has been substituted by magnetic ions, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Dilute magnetic semiconductors dms form a class of materials that combine properties of a semiconductor host with magnetic effects due to an impurity dopant. The authors have been actively involved in the creation of this branch of semiconductor physics. In dms magnetic ions substitute cation sites of the host semiconductor and are coupled by free carriers resulting in ferromagnetism. An introduction including nanophysics and applications marius grundmann the 3rd edition of this successful textbook contains ample material for a comprehensive upperlevel undergraduate or beginning graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a special topic and begin supervised research. Zno, diluted magnetic semiconductor, nanostructure, room temperature ferromagnetism 1. Magnetic semiconductors tomasz dietl institute of physics.

Realizing ferromagnetic coupling in diluted magnetic. Theory of magnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductor. It is no secret that silicon devices dominate the semiconductor industry. Diluted magnetic semiconductors an introduction international conference and school on spintronics and quantum information technology spintech vi school lecture 2 diluted magnetic semiconductors matsue, japan, august 1, 2011 hideo ohno 1,2 1center for spintronics integrated systems, tohoku university, sendai, japan. Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors is addressed to graduatelevel and doctoral students and young researchers entering the field. The shubnikovde haas effect was thermoelectric properties and ferromagnetism of diluted magnetic semiconductors sb 2 x cr x te 3 p. Brown duke university physics department durham, nc 277080305. Znobased nanostructures for diluted magnetic semiconductor. Introduction with the rapid development of microelectronic technology, moores law is running out of momentum and researchers are now more poised to exploit the spin property of the electron for better device performance. Magnetic beha vlor of 11vi group diluted magnetic semiconductors, based on fe 1. The field of highly frustrated magnetism has developed and expanded considerably over the last 15 years. Introduction spin electronics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary.